![]() Persea americana, or the avocado, possibly originated in the Tehuacan Valley in the state of Puebla, Mexico, although fossil evidence suggests similar species were much more widespread millions of years ago. The species produces various cultivars with larger, fleshier fruits with a thinner exocarp because of selective breeding by humans. The avocado fruit is a climacteric, single-seeded berry, due to the imperceptible endocarp covering the seed, rather than a drupe. They have no petals but instead 2 whorls of 3 pale-green or greenish-yellow downy perianth lobes, each blossom has 9 stamens with 2 basal orange nectar glands. Avocado blossoms sprout from racemes near the leaf axils they are small and inconspicuous 5–10 mm ( 3⁄ 16– 3⁄ 8 in) wide. The tree flowers thousands of blossoms every year. ![]() Panicles of flowers with deciduous bracts arise from new growth or the axils of leaves. ![]() The leaves are 7.62–25 cm (3–10 in) long and alternately arranged. Persea americana is a tree that grows to 9–20 m (30–66 ft) with a trunk diameter between 0.3–0.6 m (0.98–1.97 ft). Global warming is expected to result in significant changes to the suitable growing zones for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to heat waves and drought. Avocado production is also implicated in other externalities, including deforestation and human rights concerns associated with the partial control of their production in Mexico by organized crime. In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local resources. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while unripe and ripened after harvesting. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator pear or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. The avocado ( Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family ( Lauraceae).
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